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Convergences in state positions on human control (2023)
| Automated Decision Research
This paper presents an examination of convergences in state positions on human control in the context of autonomy in weapons systems. Despite differences in phrasing when discussing the human element as it relates to autonomous weapons systems, there is much [...]

Artificial intelligence and automated decisions: shared challenges in the civil and military spheres (2022)
| Automated Decision Research
This paper provides an initial sketch of responses to AI and automated decision-making in wider society, while contextualising these responses in relation to autonomy in weapons systems.

Autonomous weapons and digital dehumanisation (2022)
| Automated Decision Research
This short explainer paper discusses autonomous weapons in the context of digital dehumanisation.

Increasing autonomy in weapons systems: 10 examples that can inform thinking (2021)
| Automated Decision Research
| PAX
This paper highlights ten weapons systems with features that might be informative to considerations around autonomy in weapons systems. It seeks to showcase the diversity of types of weapon systems that are used in a variety of domains, as well [...]

Background Briefing: Review of the 2023 US Policy on Autonomy in Weapons Systems (2023)
| Human Rights Watch
A new directive on autonomy in weapons systems issued on January 25, 2023 shows the United States Department of Defense (DoD) is serious about ensuring it has policies and processes in place to guide its development, acquisition, testing, fielding, and [...]

Completely outside human control? (2023)
| Article 36
This discussion paper provides commentary on the proposed prohibition in the Working Paper submitted by Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Sweden to the 2022 GGE on LAWS, July 2022. The paper notes that 'The notion of a [...]

Autonomous weapons as a solution to war crimes? (2022)
| Article 36
A common claim about autonomous weapons in the media, and amongst pundits, is that autonomous systems would not suffer human emotions and would not therefore undertake the atrocities that are driven by these emotions in conflict. A new discussion paper [...]

Autonomiset asejärjestelmät ja digitaalinen dehumanisaatio (2022)
| Automated Decision Research
Digitaalisella dehumanisaatiolla, eli epäinhimillistämisellä, tarkoitetaan prosessia, jossa ihmiset pelkistetään dataksi, jota sitten käytetään päätöksentekoon ja/tai ihmisten elämään kielteisesti vaikuttavaan toimintaan. Prosessi polkee humaaneja arvoja, riistää ihmisiltä heidän ihmisarvonsa, ja teknologian käytössä ihmisen osallisuus korvautuu automatisoidulla päätöksenteolla. Kun tällainen algoritmeihin perustuva [...]

Foundations of the GDPR: Principles relevant to discussions on autonomous weapons (2022)
| Article 36
During the development of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), European legislators recognized the need to protect individuals from harms resulting from automated decision-making. The concerns which motivated legislators to implement new regulations for automated decision-making in the data protection [...]

Armes autonomes et déshumanisation numérique (2022)
| Automated Decision Research
La déshumanisation numérique est le processus par lequel les humains sont réduits à des données, qui sont ensuite utilisées pour la prise de décisions et/ou d'actions qui affectent négativement nos vies. Ce procédé dépossède les gens de leur dignité, dévalorise [...]