This report looks at a number of trends related to autonomy in weapons systems (artificial intelligence, automatic target recognition and swarming) and the questions they raise about how meaningful human control can be retained. It gives an introduction into each new technology, describes how it is used by militaries, and what concerns it’s use in autonomous weapons raises. The report demonstrates that clear legal rules are needed to address these concerns and uphold legal and ethical norms. Finally, the report gives a number of recommendations on how this could be addressed in a treaty.